ND: Family Maps of Kidder County, North Dakota

Family Maps of Kidder County, North Dakota, by Gregory A. Boyd, J.D., 436 pages, with 149 total maps; Paperback, 8.5x11 inches, Publ. 2010, ISBN: 9781420315561.

Locating original landowners on maps has never been an easy task-until now. This volume in the Family Maps series contains newly created maps of original landowners (patent maps) in what is now Kidder County, North Dakota, gleaned from the indexes of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. But it offers much more than that. For each township in the county, there are two additional maps accompanying the patent map: a road map and a map showing waterways, railroads, and both modern and many historical city centers and cemeteries.

Included are indexes to help you locate what you are looking for, whether you know a person's name, a last name, a place name, or a cemetery. The combination of maps and indexes is designed to aid researchers of American history or genealogy to explore frontier neighborhoods, examine family migrations, locate hard-to-find cemeteries and towns, as well as locate land based on legal descriptions found in old documents or deeds.

The patent maps are essentially plat maps but instead of depicting owners for a particular year, these maps show original landowners, no matter when the transfer from the federal government was completed. Dates of patents typically begin near the time of statehood and run into the early 1900s.

What's Mapped in this book (that you'll not likely find elsewhere) . . .

• 5,017 Parcels of Land (with original landowner names and patent dates labeled in the relevant map)
• 18 Cemeteries, plus . . . Roads, and existing Rivers, Creeks, Streams, Railroads, and Small-towns (including some historical), etc.

What YEARS are these maps for?  Here are the counts for parcels of land mapped, by the decade in which the corresponding land patents were issued:

Acts of Congress Authorizing the Land Patents in this book:

• May 20, 1862: Homestead Entry Original (12 Stat. 392)
• April 24, 1820: Sale-Cash Entry (3 Stat. 566)
• March 3, 1873: Timber Culture (17 Stat. 605)
• March 2, 1899: Exchange-Natl Forest (lieu) (30 Stat. 993)
• February 15, 1929: Exchange-Natl Wildlife Refuge (45 Stat. 1186)
• March 17, 1842: Scrip or Nature of Scrip (5 Stat. 607)
• June 14, 1926: Sale-Rec and Public Purposes (44 Stat. 741)
• December 29, 1916: Homestead Entry-Stock Raising (39 Stat. 862)
• March 3, 1855: Scrip Warrant Act of 1855 (10 Stat. 701)

SURNAMES found in this Book:  ARNDT, ASCHER, ASH, ASHBY, ASHLEY, ATKINSON, ATWOOD, AUCH, AURINGER, AVERY, BABCOCK, BAILEY, BAILOR, BAIRD, BAKER, BALDWIN, BALL, BAMESBERGER, BANCROFT, BARBER, BARCLAY, BARD, BARKER, BARLOW, BARNARD, BARRINGER, BARRY, BARTA, BARTLETT, BARTOLE, BASS, BAUER, BAULKE, BAUMAN, BAXTER, BAYASCH, BAYER, BAYLISS, BEADEL, BEAN, BECKWORTH, BEDFORD, BEEBE, BEGEMAN, BEGIER, BELCHER, BENEDICK, BENEDICT, BENJAMIN, BENNETT, BENRUD, BENSHOOF, BENSON, BERG, BERGER, BERGLUND, BERGMAN, BERRY, BETHKE, BETTS, BICKEL, BICKMORE, BIETZ, BIGGERT, BILLINGS, BILLINGTON, BIRCHALL, BIRCHETT, BIRD, BIRGEL, BISHOP, BISSELL, BITTNER, BJORNLIE, BLACKMER, BLACKMORE, BLAHA, BLAKE, BLASKOWSKI, BLEGEN, BLOCH, BLOHM, BODLEY, BODVIG, BOERGER, BOGGESS, BOHL, BON, BONDE, BONSFIELD, BOPE, BORGEN, BORKNESS, BORRUD, BOTNEN, BOWERMAN, BOYD, BOYLAN, BOYLAND, BOYNTON, BOYUM, BRADDY, BRAGG, BRAHE, BRAKEL, BRAME, BRAND, BRANDE, BRANEN, BRANNAN, BRANNEN, BRANSON, BRASCH, BRAZILL, BREANARD, BRENDEN, BREVIK, BREWICK, BREWIK, BRIESE, BRINTON, BROCK, BROCKHOFF, BROEDER, BROLIN, BROPHY, BROWN, BRUCE, BRUMMUND, BRUNDAGE, BRUNDIGE, BRUNNER, BRUSVEN, BUCHFINK, BUCY, BUGBY, BULLIS, BUNES, BUNKER, BURDEN, BURGESS, BURKHARDT, BURKHOLDER, BURMAN, BURNETT, BURNS, BURSLEM, BURT, BURTON, BUSH, BUTTERFIELD, BUXTON, BYSOME, CAIRUS, CALKINS, CAMPBELL, CAPLIS, CARL, CARLSON, CARMER, CARPENTER, CARRIER, CARROLL, CARSON, CASS, CASSIDY, CAULTER, CHALLONES, CHAMBERLAIN, CHAMBERLIN, CHAMBERS, CHASE, CHENEY, CHEZICK, CHILTON, CHINWORTH, CHMIELEWSKI, CHRESTENSEN, CHRISTENSEN, CHRISTENSON, CHRISTIANSON, CHURCH, CLARK, CLAUSEN, CLAYBAUGH, CLAYTON, CLEVELAND, CO, CODY, COLE, COLEMAN, COLLINGE, COLLINS, CONGER, CONKLIN, COOK, COON, COONEY, COOPER, COULTER, COVELL, COX, CRAMER, CRAWFORD, CROCKER, CROOKSHANK, CROZIER, CULLEN, CUNNINGHAM, CUNNINGTON, CURTISS, CUSEY, DAGEN, DAHLE, DAHLQUIST, DAKIN, DAKKEN, DALESKE, DALEY, DAMMEL, DANIELSON, DARLING, DARTT, DAUSE, DAVENPORT, DAVID, DAVIDSON, DAVIES, DAVIS, DAVISON, DAWES, DEAN, DEKRAY, DEKREY, DELGER, DELL, DELZER, DEMARAY, DESMOND, DETHLOFF, DEVEREAUX, DEVORE, DEWILLIAMS, DEXTER, DICK, DICKERSON, DICKEY, DICKINSON, DIDRIKSON, DILLEY, DILLINGER, DOBEREINER, DOCKTER, DODDS, DODGE, DOKTER, DOLLIVER, DOLMSETH, DOMOGALLA, DOMOGOLLA, DORN, DORR, DOUGHERTY, DOUGHTY, DOWD, DOWNS, DRAGER, DRAKE, DREW, DRIES, DUGAN, DUNCAN, DUNHAM, DUNN, DURKAN, DUTT, DYKSTRA, DYRDAL, DYRLAND, EAGER, EASTON, EBERL, ECKERSLEY, ECKMAN, EDDY, EDSTROM, EDWARDS, EELLS, EIDSNES, EISSINGER, EKBLAD, EKLUND, ELI, ELLIOT, ELLIOTT, ELMER, ELTON, ELY, EMMERT, EMRICH, ENNIS, ENTWISTLE, ENVOY, ENZI, ENZMINGER, ERFLE, ERICKSON, ERIKSON, ERWIN, ESHELMAN, EVANS, EVERDING, FAGERENG, FAIRBANK, FAIRCHILD, FALCONER, FALKNER, FANDRICH, FANTA, FANTEN, FARLEY, FARRELL, FARRINGER, FARRINGTON, FAUTH, FAYMAN, FELCH, FERRIS, FETZER, FILARSKI, FILARSKY, FILBIN, FINNERTY, FISCHER, FISH, FISHBACK, FISHER, FISTER, FITCH, FITZ, FITZGERALD, FIVE, FLAGSTAD, FLANDERS, FLANERY, FLANNERY, FLEETHAM, FLEMMER, FLESCHE, FLOWERS, FORD, FORDICE, FORESTER, FORSBERG, FOSGATE, FOSS, FOUSEN, FRANK, FRANZ, FRASER, FREDERICKSON, FRERICHS, FRETTIM, FREUND, FREY, FRID, FRIDLEY, FRIEND, FRIESTAD, FRITSCH, FRITZ, FROST, FRUHWIRTH, FUHRMANN, FULLER, FUNK, FURUBOTTEN, GALBREATH, GALLAGHER, GARMS, GARNES, GARRETT, GASSMAN, GATZKE, GAUB, GAUGER, GEHORSKY, GEIER, GEIST, GELDREICH, GEORG, GEORGE, GERBER, GERINGER, GEROW, GETTY, GIBBONS, GIESE, GIESLER, GIFFORD, GIGAX, GILBERT, GILBERTSON, GILK, GIVEN, GLASNER, GLASS, GLINES, GODFREY, GOEBEL, GOKEY, GOLDSMITH, GOLDY, GOLL, GOODMAN, GOODWIN, GORDON, GORE, GORENFLO, GORMAN, GORSLINE, GRABINSKE, GRAF, GRAFF, GRAHAM, GRANT, GRAVES, GRAY, GREEN, GREER, GREFTHEN, GREGERSEN, GREGERSON, GREGGERSON, GREGOR, GRIFFIN, GRIMSLEY, GRINNELL, GROF, GROVE, GRUEBELE, GUDVANGEN, GUENARD, GURR, GUSTKE, GUTHMILLER, GUTHMULLER, GUTJAHR, GUTKNECHT, HAADEM, HAAGENSON, HAASE, HAGEN, HAGER, HAGESATER, HAGGERTY, HAGSTOLZ, HAHN, HAIBECK, HALL, HALLIDAY, HALLINGSTAD, HALLOM, HALSNE, HALVERSON, HALVORSON, HAMILTON, HAMMEN, HAMMER, HAMMES, HAMRE, HAMRO, HAMSEY, HANEN, HANKS, HANLEY, HANSEN, HANSON, HARALSON, HARCOURT, HARELSON, HARKER, HARKINS, HARRINGTON, HARRIS, HARRISON, HART, HARTE, HARTEL, HARTER, HARTLEY, HARTMAN, HARTY, HARVEY, HASEL, HASH, HASSE, HASSELBROCK, HASTINGS, HATCH, HATFIELD, HAUGEN, HAUNTZ, HAUSAUER, HAUSER, HAVENHILL, HAYCOCK, HAYES, HAYS, HEDDEN, HEDSTROM, HEFFERNAN, HEGDAHL, HEIDEN, HEIN, HEINZE, HEISS, HELSETH, HEMMING, HENDERSON, HENDRICKSON, HENKER, HENSEL, HERBERT, HERMAN, HERMANSON, HERRMANN, HERRON, HERTEL, HERTZ, HESON, HESS, HETH, HETLETVED, HETLETVEDT, HEURMANN, HEWES, HEWITT, HICKS, HIEBERT, HIGGINS, HIGLEY, HILL, HILLS, HINGER, HINKEL, HINMAN, HIRCH, HIRCHERT, HIRCHIRT, HIRSCH, HOAGLUND, HOBER, HOEFT, HOETT, HOFF, HOFFER, HOFFMAN, HOFFMANN, HOGAN, HOGENSON, HOGUE, HOLLIDAY, HOLM, HOLSCHER, HONRUD, HOOVER, HOPKINS, HORAN, HORN, HORNING, HORNUNG, HORST, HOTTMAN, HOVE, HOWARD, HOWES, HUBBARD, HUBBELL, HUBNER, HUFFMAN, HUGHES, HULL, HUNTLEY, HURD, HUSCHKA, HUSEBY, HUTCHINSON, HUTCHISON, HUTSON, HUUS, IMMEL, INDSETH, INGLE, IRLE, IRONS, ISBERG, ISZLER, JACKSON, JACOBS, JACOBSON, JAMESON, JANES, JANKE, JANKO, JANSEN, JANSSEN, JEGLUM, JENNE, JENNER, JENSEN, JERABEK, JETLUND, JOB, JOHANSEN, JOHN, JOHNSON, JOHNSTON, JONES, JOSLYN, JUDVIK, JUNGE, KACZMARSKI, KAEGBEIN, KAHLER, KAMONI, KAPP, KARR, KASTET, KAUFMAN, KAUFMANN, KAUTT, KEIM, KELLEY, KELLGREN, KELLISON, KELLOGG, KELM, KELPER, KEMBLE, KEMMET, KEPLER, KERCHER, KERLIN, KERR, KESTEN, KETCHUM, KETTERLING, KIDMAN, KIEM, KILBY, KIMEL, KING, KINYON, KIRKEBY, KIRSCH, KIRSCHEMAN, KJARSGAARD, KJELSVEN, KLATT, KLEIN, KLEITER, KLEVE, KLINEFELTER, KLINKE, KLOPE, KNABLE, KNAPP, KNARR, KNICKERBOCKER, KNIGHT, KNODEL, KNOP, KNUDSEN, KNUDSON, KNUTSON, KOENIG, KOESTLER, KOLBERG, KONNINGRUD, KONRATH, KOOKER, KORUPP, KOTARSKI, KOWITZ, KRAFT, KRAFTHEFER, KRAFTHOEFER, KRAMER, KRAUS, KREGERBECK, KREIN, KREITER, KRESS, KRIEDLER, KRINE, KRITZ, KROPP, KUECKER, KULP, KUNKEL, KUNZ, KUST, LACY, LADWIG, LAFFERTY, LAKE, LALAND, LAMB, LAMBDIN, LAMPERT, LAMPHERE, LANDENBERGER, LANDRETH, LANE, LANG, LANGAGER, LANGEDAHL, LANGLEY, LARSEN, LARSON, LATHROP, LAURSEN, LAURUHN, LAVALLY, LAVERTY, LAW, LAWRENCE, LEAMY, LEATHERS, LEBARRON, LECLAIR, LEDDY, LEE, LEIFERMAN, LEIGHT, LEIN, LEITRITZ, LENO, LENZ, LEPOWSKY, LERDAHL, LESTER, LEVI, LEWIS, LIDTKE, LIEBIG, LIEDTKE, LIEFFRIG, LIEN, LIHAVEN, LINDEKUGEL, LINDELOW, LINDERMANN, LINDFELDT, LINDSETH, LINDSKOOG, LINNER, LINSTROM, LIPPERT, LITTAU, LITTLE, LIVINGSTONE, LOEWENSTROEM, LOFTHUS, LOHR, LOOKER, LOSEY, LUCKINS, LUCKMAN, LUDWIG, LUKENS, LUND, LUNDBLAD, LUNDER, LUNDGREN, LUNDIN, LUTGENS, LUYBEN, LYBECK, LYON, LYONS, LYTLE, MACDEXTER, MACK, MACKOLA, MADSON, MAHER, MAHIN, MAHM, MAITLAND, MALBERG, MALLINGEN, MALMBURG, MALTBY, MALY, MANLEY, MANTHAY, MANTHE, MARINER, MARK, MARKHAM, MARKLE, MARKLEY, MAROHL, MARQUARDT, MARSH, MARTEN, MARTIN, MARTINET, MASSACAK, MASTERS, MATHEWS, MATHIS, MATTHEWS, MATZ, MAUCH, MAUGH, MAW, MAY, MAYER, MAYNARD, MCALISTER, MCCABE, MCCAGG, MCCAIN, MCCLELLAN, MCCLELLAND, MCCLERNON, MCCLUSKY, MCCORMIC, MCCOY, MCDONALD, MCDONELL, MCKANE, MCKNIGHT, MCLEMAN, MCLENNAN, MCNALLY, MCNEAL, MCQUOWN, MCROBERTS, MCWHINNEY, MEAD, MEHLHOFF, MEHRENS, MEINHARDT, MELIN, MERHIY, MERKEL, MERTZ, MESSERLY, METCALF, MEYER, MEZERA, MICHAELIS, MICHENER, MIEIRS, MIKKELSON, MILLER, MILLERHAGEN, MILLS, MILMINE, MINNACKER, MINNECKER, MINNEKER, MITCHELL, MITTLEIDER, MODIN, MOEN, MOLBERT, MOLL, MOLSTAD, MONK, MONROE, MONTGOMERY, MONTNEY, MOORE, MOORES, MOREY, MORLOCK, MORRISON, MORROW, MORTIMORE, MORTON, MOSBY, MOSER, MOSKVIL, MOYER, MUDGE, MULHOLLAND, MULLAR, MULLER, MULNIX, MUMM, MURDOCK, MURPHY, MURRAY, MURREY, MYERS, MYREN, NAGEL, NASH, NASS, NATHER, NAVNE, NEHRING, NELON, NELSON, NERBY, NERDRUM, NERLIEN, NESS, NEUBAUER, NEUMILLER, NEUMUELLER, NEWELL, NEWSOM, NEWTON, NICHOLS, NICHOLSON, NIESNER, NIESS, NIESWAAG, NIEZWAAG, NILES, NILSEN, NILSSON, NITZKOWSKE, NOFUS, NOONAN, NORBY, NORDAHL, NORDAUNE, NORDAUNET, NORDGAARD, NOREM, NORMAN, NORRIS, NORTHRUP, NORTON, NOVAK, NOWAK, NYSETH, OBRIHAM, OBRINE, OCHSNER, ODENCRANTZ, OFARRELL, OFTEDAHL, OLIVER, OLK, OLSEN, OLSON, OLSSON, OMETT, OMODT, ORNER, OROURKE, OSTER, OTTERSON, OTTO, OVERBY, OVERN, OWEN, OWENS, OXENRIDER, PACE, PALMATEER, PALMER, PARROTT, PATE, PATTERSON, PATZNER, PAULSON, PEARSON, PEBERNAT, PEDERSON, PEHL, PENCE, PENDILL, PENNEL, PERRY, PERSHING, PETERMAN, PETERS, PETERSON, PETTIS, PEYER, PFEFFERKORN, PFUDL, PHELPS, PHILBRICK, PHILLEO, PHILLIPS, PIERCE, PIERSON, PIKE, PIKESLEY, PINFIELD, PINGEL, PITSCHNER, POGNEY, POLLOCK, PORTER, PORTNER, POSEY, POUND, POWELL, PRAKEL, PRESZLER, PRICE, PRILL, PROTHERO, PROUTY, PUMMEL, PURDY, QUIGGLE, QUIMBY, QUINN, RAILSON, RAINE, RAMSEY, RANDALL, RANGER, RATH, RAVENIUS, RAYMOND, REED, REGIER, REISH, REITMANN, REMMICH, RENNEY, RENNIE, REUER, REUSCHLEIN, REUTHER, REXIN, REYNOLDS, RHOADS, RICHARDS, RICHMOND, RICHTER, RIEGER, RIGGIN, RIGGS, RIGLEND, RISDAHL, RISKEDAHL, RITCHIE, RITTEL, ROBBINS, ROBERTS, ROBINSON, ROCKAFELLOW, ROCKNEY, ROCKY, RODACKER, RODE, RODENBAUGH, ROEMMICH, ROESLAR, ROESSLER, ROGERS, ROHRER, RONDESTVEDT, RONNING, ROOD, ROOT, RORARER, ROREM, ROSBOROUGH, ROSENAU, ROSENBAUM, ROSENDAHL, ROSIN, ROSS, ROSSING, ROWLEY, RUNG, RUPP, RUSS, RUSSELL, RUST, RUTH, RUTHROFF, RUUD, RYAN, RYDER, SACKETT, SAETHRE, SAM, SANBORN, SAND, SANDA, SANDERS, SANDSTROM, SANDVEN, SANNES, SATHRE, SATRE, SAUR, SAUTER, SAVARD, SAVOIE, SAWALL, SCHAEFER, SCHANDER, SCHAUER, SCHENK, SCHERBENSKE, SCHERES, SCHICK, SCHINDLER, SCHLAHT, SCHLENKER, SCHLICHENMAYER, SCHMEISSER, SCHMIDT, SCHMIERER, SCHNEIDER, SCHOCK, SCHOONHOVEN, SCHRADER, SCHUHMACHER, SCHULER, SCHUMACHER, SCHUMAKER, AAMODT, ADAIR, ADAMS, ADELMAN, ADKINSON, AHLBRECHT, AHRENS, AICHELE, AIKIN, AIKINS, ALBERDA, ALBERT, ALBRECHT, ALBRIGHTSON, ALDRICH, ALEXANDER, ALGREN, ALLEN, ALLERDINGS, ALLISON, ALLSHOUSE, ALTMAN, AMEIN, AMONDSON, AMUNDSON, ANDERSON, ANDREWS, ANNIS, ARCHER, ARGAST, ARGENT, ARMSTRONG, SCHUSTER, SCHWAMB, SCHWARZWALTER, SCHWEITZER, SCOTT, SCOVILLE, SEAGREN, SEARS, SEELE, SELL, SELLAND, SELNESS, SENIOR, SEROY, SEVERSON, SEVERTSON, SHARP, SHAW, SHAY, SHELBY, SHELLIG, SHEPARD, SHEPHARD, SHERMAN, SHERRARD, SHIPLEY, SHIPMAN, SHIRK, SHIRLEY, SHIRTS, SHOCKLEY, SHOEMAKER, SHULTZ, SHUMAKER, SIBBERT, SIDES, SILZLE, SIMAR, SIMPSON, SINGLETON, SITES, SIVERSON, SIVERTSEN, SKARIN, SKOGSTAD, SKRODER, SLATER, SLAUGHTER, SLIPHER, SLOAN, SMITH, SMITHSON, SNEIDERMAN, SNYDER, SOLBERG, SOLEIM, SOLHEIM, SOMERVILL, SONNESYN, SORENSON, SORTEBERG, SPAHR, SPAULDING, SPERRY, SPIEGEL, SPIKE, SPRINGER, SQUIRES, STADEL, STAFFORD, STALL, STALLEY, STANCEL, STANDISH, STANEK, STANLEY, STANS, STANTON, STATE, STATON, STEBBINS, STEELE, STEEN, STENSLAND, STEPHENSON, STERK, STERN, STEVE, STEVENS, STEWART, STICKEL, STICKNEY, STILES, STINCHCOMB, STIRLING, STOCK, STOREY, STOTT, STOULIL, STOUT, STRAMBLAD, STRASSER, STRATTON, STROH, STROMBERG, STUART, STULL, STUNROD, SUBART, SUCKUT, SUESS, SULLIVAN, SUNDHEIM, SUNNEN, SWADBERG, SWAIN, SWANSON, SWEARINGEN, SWEARINGER, SWEENEY, SWETT, SYKES, SYVERSON, TAASEVIGEN, TALLMADGE, TANBERG, TANDBERG, TANGEN, TANNER, TAUGHER, TAYLOR, TEACKLE, TESKE, THIELING, THOMAS, THOMPSON, THOMSON, THORNE, THORNTON, THORSNESS, THUEL, THUNE, TILBURN, TILLSON, TILTON, TIMM, TOBIN, TODD, TOFT, TOLLEFSON, TOMLINSON, TOMPKINS, TORGERSON, TOTLAND, TRACEY, TRACY, TRAMMER, TRAUTMAN, TRAUTMANN, TRENHOLM, TRIPLETT, TRIPP, TROSVICK, TROSVIGEN, TRUAX, TUBBS, TUPPER, TURNER, TYSON, UDO, UMPHREY, UNDEM, UNDERWOOD, UNGER, UNPHREY, VAA, VALLEY, VALLIN, VAN HISE, VANDERHOOF, VANDEUSEN, VANGEM, VANGEN, VANHISE, VANKEUREN, VANOUS, VANVOLKENBERG, VAUGHAN, VAWTER, VELLENGA, VEME, VENSALOW, VIK, VIRGIN, VOEGTLE, VOGEL, VOLKMANN, VOLLRATH, WACKER, WAGE, WAGNER, WALIESVERD, WALIN, WALKER, WALLE, WALLESVERD, WALZ, WAMPLER, WARD, WARING, WARREN, WATERMAN, WATERS, WATKINS, WAWRZINAK, WAYNE, WEBB, WEBER, WEED, WEIDEL, WEIDELICH, WEIK, WEIMER, WEISENBURGER, WEISSER, WEISZ, WELCH, WELD, WELLS, WERNER, WERRE, WEST, WESTCOTT, WESTER, WETZEL, WHEATLEY, WHEELER, WHIPPIE, WHIPPLE, WHITE, WHITEHEAD, WHITFORD, WHITMAN, WHITMORE, WHITNEY, WICK, WICKLAND, WIEBER, WIESENHUTTER, WILCOX, WILD, WILDER, WILEY, WILKENS, WILLIAMS, WILLIAMSON, WILLIS, WILLOUGHBY, WILSON, WINGER, WINKLER, WINSOR, WINTERTON, WISDOM, WISE, WOESNER, WOESSNER, WOLLT, WOLPERT, WONSBECK, WOOD, WOODHOUSE, WOODMANSEE, WOODS, WOODWICK, WOOGE, WORLEY, WRIGHT, WURTELE, WUTZKE, WYANT, WYATT, WYCKOFF, WYNGAARDEN, WYNGARDEN, YOLUM, YOUNG, YOUNGS, ZIRBEL, ZWINGER